NAD+
A coenzyme essential to energy metabolism in every cell. Its decline with age is a major topic of longevity research.
Level of evidence
Early human data — small or uncontrolled studiesWhat it is
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) carries electrons in the redox reactions of cell metabolism and is used by enzymes such as sirtuins and PARPs.
State of the research
Animal studies link lower NAD+ levels to ageing. Most human studies test its precursors (nicotinamide riboside, nicotinamide mononucleotide) rather than NAD+ itself; results are still limited.
Sources
Last reviewed: October 2026
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